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Concrete Calculations: The Complete On-Site Guide

How much concrete do I need? Work out slab volume, bags per cubic metre, mix ratios and post holes by hand — the on-site concrete numbers at a glance, in metric.

Concrete is just sums until the truck turns up. On the day, every question comes down to the same few sums: how much volume, how many bags, what mix, and how deep the post holes. This page is the on-site concrete calculator, all in one place — each method worked out by hand, in metric. No rules to look up: a cubic metre is a cubic metre in every country.

What you can work out

Four jobs cover almost everything you’ll pour on a house block. Each one has its own step-by-step guide:

JobThe sumDeep dive
Slab / footing volumelength × width × depthConcrete volume for a slab
Bags vs ready-mixvolume ÷ bag yieldBags of concrete per m³
Post & fence holeshole volume − post volumeConcrete for post holes
Mix ratioparts cement : sand : aggregatecovered below

Concrete volume: length × width × depth

Everything starts here. Concrete is sold and mixed by volume, so you need cubic metres. Work in metres and the answer comes out in m³ — no converting needed.

Say you’re pouring a shed slab, 6.0 m long × 4.0 m wide × 100 mm thick.

  1. Put the thickness in metres. 100 mm = 0.100 m.
  2. Multiply the three. 6.0 × 4.0 × 0.100 = 2.4 m³.
  3. Add wastage. The ground is never flat and the barrow spills some. Add 10%: 2.4 × 1.10 = 2.64 m³.
  4. Round up to order. Ready-mix comes in 0.1 m³ steps, so order 2.7 m³.
W = 4.0 mL = 6.0 mD = 0.100 mV = L × W × D = 2.4 m³
Slab volume — length × width × depth.

The one thing that trips people up is mixing units. Leave the thickness in millimetres and multiply it by metres, and your answer comes out a thousand times too big. Get everything into metres first, every time.

Bags or ready-mix?

Bagged pre-mix is handy for small jobs, but the bag count adds up fast. A 20 kg bag makes about 0.009 m³ — check this number on the bag, because it changes by product.

For that 2.4 m³ slab:

2.4 m³ ÷ 0.009 m³ per bag ≈ 267 bags

That’s most of a pallet, mixed by hand. Somewhere around 0.5 m³ it flips: a truck of ready-mix becomes cheaper, faster and more even than bags. Use bags for post holes and small pads. Order a truck for slabs.

Mix ratios in one line

If you’re mixing your own, the mix is written as parts of cement : sand : aggregate, by volume. A 1:2:3 mix — one part cement, two sand, three aggregate — is a good all-rounder for most jobs. A thinner 1:2:4 mix is fine for fill that doesn’t carry load. A richer mix is used where you need more strength. Measure the parts by volume, not weight. The right one depends on the job, so treat 1:2:3 as a starting point, not a rule — and follow the product guidance or your engineer’s spec.

Post holes: hole minus post

A post hole isn’t a full cylinder of concrete — the post sits in the middle. So work out the hole, then take away the post.

A 300 mm wide hole, 600 mm deep, for a 90 × 90 mm timber post:

  1. Hole volume (a cylinder: π × radius² × depth). Radius = 150 mm = 0.150 m. π × 0.150² × 0.600 = π × 0.0135 = 0.042 m³.
  2. Post volume. 0.090 × 0.090 × 0.600 = 0.005 m³.
  3. Concrete needed. 0.042 − 0.005 = 0.037 m³ per hole.

Ten of those is 0.37 m³ — that’s bag work (about four 20 kg bags a hole). For a run of fence posts, count the holes, multiply, and add a bit for the odd deep one.

Do it in 5 seconds

Sources

Working out concrete is just shapes and sums, not rules — there’s no code behind a cubic metre, so nothing here changes by state or country. Two numbers do change by product: check the amount each bag makes on the actual bag you’re buying, and take the mix ratio and any strength you need from the maker’s guidance or your engineer. (The bag-yield and mix-ratio figures above are typical examples, vary by product — always check the current bag.)

Frequently asked questions

How much concrete do I need for a slab?
Multiply length × width × thickness. Use metres for all three and the answer comes out in cubic metres. A 6.0 m × 4.0 m slab at 100 mm (0.100 m) thick is 6.0 × 4.0 × 0.100 = 2.4 m³. Add about 10% for spillage and uneven ground — that makes 2.64 m³. Then round up to the next 0.1 m³ and order 2.7 m³.
How many bags of concrete are in a cubic metre?
It depends on the bag size. A 20 kg bag of pre-mix makes about 0.009 m³, so you need about 110 bags to fill one cubic metre. A 40 kg bag makes about twice as much, so around 55 per m³. The amount each bag makes changes by product, so check the number on the bag. For anything over about 0.5 m³, a truck of ready-mix is usually cheaper and faster than mixing bags by hand.
How do I calculate concrete for a post hole?
Work out the hole as a cylinder — π × radius² × depth — then take away the post that sits in it. A 300 mm wide hole (0.15 m radius) dug 600 mm deep is about 0.042 m³. A 90 × 90 mm post buried that deep takes up about 0.005 m³. Hole minus post leaves roughly 0.037 m³ of concrete per hole — about four 20 kg bags.
What is the best concrete mix ratio?
For most jobs a 1:2:3 mix — one part cement, two parts sand, three parts aggregate — is a good all-rounder. Measure the parts by volume, not weight. A thinner 1:2:4 mix is fine for fill that doesn't carry load. The right mix depends on the job, so treat 1:2:3 as a starting point. Follow the maker's guidance and anything your engineer asks for.
How much extra concrete should I order for wastage?
Add about 5–10% on top of the volume you worked out. The ground under a slab is never flat, the formwork bends a little, and some concrete always spills off the barrow and sticks in the chute. Running out halfway through the pour is far worse than having a bit left over — it can leave a weak line, called a cold joint, right through the slab. So round up when you order.