# German Stair Rules: DIN 18065 Rise, Going & Guard Heights The DIN 18065 numbers for a German residential stair — max rise 200 mm, min going 230 mm, the 2×rise+going step formula, plus the MBO guard-height baseline every Land builds on. - Canonical HTML: https://www.chippy.tools/building-codes/de/stairs/stair-and-guard-requirements/ - Publisher: Chippy Tools - Updated: 2026-09-06 - Market: de - Code edition / reference: DIN 18065:2020-08 - References: DE DIN 18065; DE MBO ## The requirement For the residential stair category discussed here, **DIN 18065** lists a maximum rise of **200 mm** and sets the going at **230 mm** or more. The step formula, 2 × rise + going, must land between **590 mm and 650 mm**. Check guard height in both the applicable standard and the Land rules. The rise (Steigung) is how tall each step is. The going (Auftritt) is how deep each step is, the flat part you stand on. DIN 18065 is the German standard for building stairs (Gebäudetreppen), current edition 2020-08. Check how the standard applies under the Land rules and the contract. Confirm the licensed standard’s building/stair category and the Land’s technical adoption. This page has not verified that the residential figures apply to every home, communal stair or local approval. For a home stair, the standard allows a **140–200 mm** rise and a **230–370 mm** going. Stay at the binding edges. Do not build a rise over 200 mm. Do not build a going under 230 mm. Keep every step in a flight the same, so the stair climbs evenly. A stair also has to pass the Schrittmaßregel, the step formula. Take twice the rise, then add the going. DIN 18065 wants that sum between 590 mm and 650 mm. It is a quick check that a stair is not too steep or too shallow. You may see a simple “63 cm” target quoted. That is a rule-of-thumb midpoint, not the standard’s band. Work to 590–650 mm. **Diagram labels:** ≤ 200 mm; ≥ 230 mm DIN 18065:2020-08 · Wohngebäude table Two more numbers round it out: - **Headroom.** At least **2000 mm** clear, measured from the front edge (Vorderkante) of any tread. In a building with up to 2 dwellings, reduced headroom is allowed at the edges of a stair. A central zone must still keep the full 2000 mm clear. Confirm the exact figures against DIN 18065 directly. - **Width.** Confirm the width and stair category in the full standard. This review has not verified the width table. Do not treat a published minimum as optional advice without checking the clause and local adoption. ## Guarding: the number that changes by Land A **120 mm (12 cm)** guard-gap figure is commonly cited with the standard. Its exact scope and adoption need a licensed/local check; do not assume that every Land or building category applies it identically. That applies wherever small children may be around without an adult watching. Guard height needs a check against the standard and the Land rules. Most Länder pattern their guard clause on the same **Musterbauordnung (MBO) §38** baseline: | Where | Fall height | Min. guard height | |--------------------------------------------------|-------------|-------------------| | Window sill (Fensterbrüstung) | up to 12 m | **800 mm** | | Window sill | over 12 m | **900 mm** | | Stair, balcony, floor or roof edge (residential) | 1–12 m | **900 mm** | | Stair, balcony, floor or roof edge | over 12 m | **1100 mm** | Treat this table as the model, not the law. The MBO itself has no legal force. The confirmed cases show real spread. **North Rhine-Westphalia** writes these exact centimetre figures into its own statute (§39 BauO NRW). There you can cite a clause number directly. Bavaria’s Art. 36 BayBO gives no number at all. It only asks that a guard be “ausreichend hoch und fest” (sufficiently high and sturdy). The other 14 Länder were not checked against their statute text for this figure. Do not design from this model table alone. Check your Land’s adopted text. ## Work it out on site Say your floor-to-floor height is 2800 mm. You are setting out a home stair. 1. **Pick how many risers.** 2800 ÷ 200 (the tallest a rise can be) = 14. Round up if it does not divide evenly. Here 2800 ÷ 14 = **200 mm** per rise exactly, right at the limit. 2. **Set the going.** Try **230 mm**, the minimum. Fourteen risers means 13 goings. So the stair runs 13 × 230 = **2990 mm** along the floor. Check it fits the space. 3. **Check the step formula.** 2 × 200 + 230 = **630 mm**. That sits inside the 590–650 mm band, so it meets this formula check. The web tool calculates equal rise and 2R+G for your chosen riser count. Check the applicable limits separately. ## Do it in 5 seconds ## Related - [German building rules hub](https://www.chippy.tools/building-codes/de/): how the national DIN layer and the 16 Länder’s own building law fit together. - [Irish stair & barrier rules](https://www.chippy.tools/building-codes/ie/stairs/stair-and-barrier-requirements/): one national figure set, for comparison. ## Sources - **DIN 18065:2020-08 — Gebäudetreppen**, the Wohngebäude geometry table (rise/going/step-formula), headroom and the width and guard-gap figures. DIN standards are commercial (Beuth/DIN e.V.) — verify at [DIN Media](https://www.dinmedia.de/de/norm/din-18065/322316050). Catalogue checked 6 September 2026; full table text remains unverified. - **Musterbauordnung (MBO) §38 — Umwehrungen**, the guard-height model most Länder pattern their own law on. Read the model text at [bauministerkonferenz.de](https://www.bauministerkonferenz.de/). **Read this first.** DIN 18065 is a paid standard — DIN e.V. doesn’t publish free full text, so the figures above are drawn from consistent, repeated professional and technical guidance quoting the standard, not from din.de itself. Guard heights are set by each Land’s Landesbauordnung, not nationally — the table above is the common MBO-model baseline, confirmed directly in statute for North Rhine-Westphalia and confirmed *absent* from Bavaria’s statute text; the other 14 Länder haven’t been individually checked. Always confirm the current DIN edition and your Land’s current LBO text before you build to a figure here. This page is general information for tradespeople and is not compliance, engineering or legal advice. Requirements are subject to state and territory variations and adoption timing. Always confirm requirements with your building certifier and relevant state authority. ## Frequently asked questions ### What is the maximum rise and minimum going for a stair in Germany? For the residential category discussed here, DIN 18065:2020-08 caps the stair at a 200 mm rise and sets the going at 230 mm or more. The standard's full band is a 140–200 mm rise and a 230–370 mm going. Confirm the exact building/stair category and the Land's adoption before applying these figures. ### What is the German step formula (Schrittmaßregel)? Twice the rise plus the going. That sum, 2×rise + going, must land between 590 mm and 650 mm, per DIN 18065. It is a quick check that a stair is not too steep or too shallow. A simple '63 cm' target gets quoted a lot. That is only a rule-of-thumb midpoint. Use the 590–650 mm band. ### How much headroom does a German stair need? 2000 mm, measured from the front edge of any tread, per DIN 18065. In a building with up to 2 dwellings, reduced headroom is allowed at the edges of a stair. A central zone must still keep the full 2000 mm clear. Confirm the exact figures against DIN 18065 directly. ### How high should the guard be on a stair or landing? Check the Land building law and the applicable standard. Most Länder follow the Musterbauordnung baseline: window sills at least 800 mm (up to a 12 m fall) or 900 mm above that. Other guarding needs 900 mm for a 1–12 m fall in a home, and 1100 mm above 12 m. Check your Land's page. ### How wide does a gap in the guarding need to be before it's a hazard? A 120 mm figure is cited with DIN 18065, but its category, child-safety scope and local adoption require a licensed/local check. Do not assume every Land applies it identically.