Indonesian Ramp Gradients: Indoor, Outdoor & Landings

The requirement

A ramp inside a building is capped at 6°, a slope of 1:10. A ramp outside is capped at 5°, or 1:12. Both limits sit in Permen PUPR No. 14/PRT/M/2017 (Persyaratan Kemudahan Bangunan Gedung), Lampiran II, its section on “Ram”, point 1.

This is the one national ramp rule. There is no separate general ramp rule with different numbers beside it. The stair figures come from the same document.

The same document sets two more ramp limits:

Goods or loading ramp: up to about 10° (point 14).
Pedestrian curb ramp: a kerb ramp on a footpath, not a ramp into a building. It is capped at 6°, with a minimum width of 120 cm (point 10).

Permen PUPR 14/2017 · Lamp. II §2 (Ram)

Landings, handrail & width

Landings. A ramp needs a level landing (bordes) at least every 900 cm (9 m) of run (point 6). The regulation shows a landing length in its own diagram. That figure lives only in the drawing, not in the written text. So we don’t print a landing-length number here. Size your landing with room to spare. Then check it against the diagram in the regulation itself.

Handrail. Every ramp needs a continuous two-tier rail on both sides (points 7 to 9 and 11). The lower tier sits at 650 mm for children. The upper tier sits at 800 mm for adults.

Width. A ramp needs a clear width of at least 95 cm (950 mm) without an edge kerb. With a kerb, the minimum is 120 cm (1200 mm). A fitted kerb must stand at least 10 cm (100 mm) high (points 2 and 3).

Work it out on site

You’re building a ramp to a house entry. The threshold sits 300 mm above the path. The ramp runs outside the building.

Apply the outdoor limit. Outdoor ramps are capped at 5° (1:12). At 1:12, a 300 mm rise needs 300 × 12 = 3600 mm (3.6 m) of run.
Check the landing rule. 3.6 m is well under the 900 cm (9 m) trigger for a mid-run landing. A level landing at the top and bottom is enough.
Set the width. Go at least 950 mm clear if there is no edge kerb. Fitting a kerb? Make it 1200 mm.

So: about 3.6 m of ramp at 5° (1:12), with landings top and bottom, at least 950 mm wide. The slope calculator does the rise-over-run maths for you.

Do it in 5 seconds

Part of the Indonesian building-rules hub — one national framework, with the instruments that set the rules.
Building the stairs that ramp might replace? See Indonesian stair rules.

Sources

Permen PUPR No. 14/PRT/M/2017 (Persyaratan Kemudahan Bangunan Gedung), Lampiran II §2 (Ram), point 1 (indoor/outdoor gradient), point 2–3 (width and kerb), point 6 (landing interval), points 7–9 and 11 (handrail), point 10 (curb ramp) and point 14 (goods ramp). Read it at peraturan.bpk.go.id.

Read this first. These figures are from Permen PUPR 14/2017, issued under Indonesia’s pre-2017 Building Law framework. The current Building Law (UU 6/2017) and its 2021 implementing regulation may since have produced a newer regulation that restates these numbers — this couldn’t be confirmed either way during research. The regulation’s own Lampiran IV splits requirements into mandatory (“wajib”) and recommended (“disarankan”) by building type, and that table wasn’t available during research, so confirm which applies to your specific building. Always check the current instrument on pu.go.id or peraturan.bpk.go.id before you build to these figures.

Frequently asked questions

What's the maximum ramp gradient in Indonesia?

Indoors the cap is 6°, a slope of 1:10. Outdoors it is 5°, or 1:12. Both come from Permen PUPR No. 14/PRT/M/2017, Lampiran II, point 1. This is Indonesia's single national ramp rule. There is no separate general ramp rule with different numbers.

Are there other ramp types with different limits?

Two. A goods or loading ramp can go up to about 10° (point 14). A pedestrian curb ramp is a kerb ramp on a footpath, not a ramp into a building. It is capped at 6°, with a minimum width of 120 cm (point 10).

How often does a ramp need a landing?

At least every 900 cm (9 m) of run, under point 6. The regulation gives the landing's own length only in a diagram, not in the written text. So we don't print a landing-length number here. Check it against the diagram itself.

What handrail and width does a ramp need?

A continuous two-tier handrail on both sides: 650 mm for children, 800 mm for adults (points 7 to 9 and 11). Minimum width is 95 cm (950 mm) without an edge kerb, or 120 cm (1200 mm) with one. A fitted kerb must be at least 10 cm (100 mm) high (points 2 and 3).