ʻI he taimi ʻoku ke planning ai ha polokalama fakaʻataʻatā pe langa, ko e mahino ki he mamafa ʻa e iati kiupiki ʻoku totonu ia maʻa e fai hokohoko lelei ʻo e lahi totonu, fakatuʻutuʻuni ʻa e tufunga ʻomi mai, pea fakamoʻoni ʻe lava ʻe hoʻo vaʻe ʻo maʻu ʻa e ʻikai. Ko e tali ʻoku fakatātā ki he faʻahinga ʻo e meʻa fonu pe aggregate—ko e iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e mulch ʻoku māmā lahi ange ʻi he iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e konikilaiti.
Ko ʻeni ko e fakahinohino ʻoku kau ai ʻa e mamafa ʻo e ngaahi faʻahinga meʻa maheni ʻoku fakatau ʻi he iati kiupiki, ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻaonga ki he mālohi, mo e fēfē ke fakafuofuaʻi totonu ʻa ia ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe hoʻo polokalama.
Fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e Ngaahi Voluma Meʻa ʻi he Vave
ʻOku maʻu ʻe he Chippy Tools ʻa e ngaahi fakafuofua iati kiupiki maʻa e ngaahi slab, footings, mo e ngaahi ākonga taʻetatau ʻi he ngaahi fua ʻimipeliūa mo e metīka.
Ko e Hā ʻa e Iati Kiupiki?
Ko e iati kiupiki ko ha iunite voluma ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻi he māmani langa kotoa ke fua ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lahi hange ko e kelekele, one, topsoil, kilikili, mo e mulch. Ke vakai ki ai, fakakaukau ki ha kiupe mo e lōloa, laulahi, mo e māʻolunga ʻoku taki taha fua ʻa e 3 fute. ʻOku tatau ʻeni mo e 27 fute kiupiki ʻo e vāʻa.
ʻOku maheni ʻe he ngaahi tokoni fakatau ʻoku nau fakatau ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻataʻatā ʻi he iati kiupiki koeʻuhi ʻoku ne foaki ha founga fakasitenitati ke fua ʻa e ngaahi koloa mavaʻe taʻetokanga ki he ākonga.
Ko e Hā e Mamafa ʻo e Iati Kiupiki ʻo e Kelekele?
Ko e fiha ʻo e kelekele ʻoku ke feʻiloaki mo ia ʻoku fakatātā ki he composition, ʻosi ʻo e vai, mo e fakapapauʻi. ʻE lava ʻe he iati kiupiki ʻo e kelekele ke kehekehe lahi—ko ʻeni ʻa e meʻa ke ʻamanaki maʻa e taki taha faʻahinga iati ʻo e kelekele:
Fill Dirt
Ko e fill dirt ko e kelekele lalo ʻoku ʻikai ha meʻa moʻui siʻi, lelei maʻa e langa hake ʻo e ngaahi feituʻu māʻulalo. Ko e iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e fill dirt ʻoku maheni ʻi he vahaʻa mei he 2,000 ki he 2,700 pauna (900 ki he 1,225 kg). Ko e fill mōmoa ʻoku nofo ʻi he potu māʻulalo, ka ko e fill viviku mo e ʻosi vai māʻolunga ʻoku mamafa lahi ange.
ʻI he taimi ʻoku ʻomi mai ai ʻe he ngaahi palake ʻa e fill dirt ki hoʻo feituʻu, ʻe lava ʻe he mālohi ʻo kehekehe fakatātā ki he feituʻu naʻa nau maʻu ai ia. ʻOku kau ʻi ha niʻihi ʻo e fill ʻa e maka mo e ngaahi maumauʻi lahi ange.
Topsoil
Ko e iati ʻo e topsoil—ko e layer takatakai ʻoku fuʻu meʻakai ʻoku fili ʻe he ngaahi tangata ngoue maʻa e ngaahi falekai tō—ʻoku ʻi he vahaʻa mei he 1,400 ki he 2,000 pauna (635 ki he 900 kg). Ko e hā e mamafa ʻo e topsoil ʻi he taimi viviku? ʻE lava ʻe he topsoil viviku ke mamafa lahi ange ʻi he topsoil mōmoa hili ha ʻuha.
ʻOku Fie Maʻu Ha Fakafuofua ʻo e Voluma Fonu?
Maʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakafuofua voluma moʻoni maʻa ha lahi polokalama pe mo e Chippy Tools. ʻOku ngāue maʻa e ngaahi peti tupunutukoi, ngaahi luo takatakai, mo e ngaahi ākonga taʻetatau.
Ko e Hā e Mamafa ʻo e Iati Kiupiki ʻo e Ngaahi Meʻa Kehe?
Mamafa ʻo e One
Ko e hā e mamafa ʻo e one? Ko e one mōmoa ʻoku maheni ʻo takatakai ʻi he 2,700 pauna (1,225 kg) ʻi he iati kiupiki. Ko e one viviku ʻoku aʻu ki he 3,000 ki he 3,400 pauna (1,360 ki he 1,540 kg).
Mamafa ʻo e Kilikili mo e Maka
Ko e kilikili momosi ʻoku tā ʻo tatau mo e 2,800 ki he 3,400 pauna (1,270 ki he 1,540 kg) ʻi he iati kiupiki, fakatātā ki he faʻahinga maka mo e lahi.
Mamafa ʻo e Ngaahi Konga ʻAkau mo e Kili ʻAkau
Ko e ngaahi meʻa fakakau-ʻakau ʻoku ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi filifiliga lahi māmā taha. 1 iati kiupiki ʻoku ʻi he vahaʻa mei he 400 ki he 800 pauna (180 ki he 360 kg).
Mamafa ʻo e Konikilaiti
Ko e hā e mamafa ʻo e konikilaiti? Ko e konikilaiti foʻou, viviku ʻoku mamafa—ʻo tatau mo e 4,050 pauna (1,835 kg) ʻi he iati kiupiki. ʻOku totonu ʻa e ngaahi palake ʻomi mai maʻa e konikilaiti.
Ngaahi Meʻa ʻoku ʻAonga ki he Mamafa Meʻa
ʻOsi ʻo e Vai
Ko e ʻosi ʻo e vai ʻoku ʻaonga māmata ia ki he mamafa ʻo e meʻa. Ko e iati ʻo e kelekele ʻi he 2,000 pauna ʻi he taimi mōmoa ʻe lava ʻo aʻu ki he 2,500 pauna ʻi he taimi viviku. Kole ʻatu ki hoʻo tokoni fakatau fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻi he taimi ni.
Composition mo e Ngaahi Maumauʻi
Ko e ngaahi particles one ʻoku fakapapauʻi maʻu, ka ko e mulch ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi ava ʻatā lahi. Ko e topsoil ʻoku kau ai ʻa e ngaahi maumauʻi moʻui ʻoku maheni ke mamafa siʻi ange ʻi he fill dirt ʻoku fuʻu mineral-mamafa. ʻOku faiva foki ʻa e compaction—ko e fill mavaʻe ʻoku maʻu ʻa e voluma tatau ka ʻoku siʻi ʻene mamafa ʻi he iati kiupiki ʻi he kelekele fakapapauʻi.
Tuku ʻa e Kaukau Fakakehe ʻo e Ngaahi Lahi Meʻa
ʻOku fakafuofuaʻi ʻe he Chippy Tools ʻa e ngaahi voluma totonu pea tokoni koe ke hokohoko lelei ʻa e lahi totonu maʻa ha polokalama fakaʻataʻatā pe langa pe.
ʻE Hoko ʻa e Iati Kiupiki ʻe 1 ʻi he Pikiapu?
ʻI he voluma, ʻio—ko e peti palake ʻe 8-fute ʻoku maʻu ʻo tatau mo e 2.5 iati kiupiki. Ka neongo ia, ko e tokolahi ʻo e ngaahi pikiapu hafu-toni ʻoku tau maʻu lelei pe ʻa e 1,000 ki he 1,500 pauna, ʻaia ʻoku fakangatangata ʻa e meʻa ʻe lava ke ke haul:
- Iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e mulch: ʻIo, ʻi he malava
- 1 iati kiupiki ʻo e topsoil: Mahalo, kapau ʻoku mōmoa
- 1 iati kiupiki ʻo e kilikili pe one: ʻIkai, maheni ʻoku mamafa ange
- Iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e konikilaiti: ʻIkai
Maʻa e ngaahi koloa mamafa, fakatuʻutuʻuni ʻa e tufunga ʻomi mai mei hoʻo tokoni fakatau ke malu mei he overloading.
ʻOku Tatau ʻa e Iati Kiupiki ʻe 1 mo e Toni ʻe 1?
ʻIkai—ko e voluma mo e ngaahi toni ʻoku fua ʻa e ngaahi meʻa kehekehe. Ko e iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻoku tatau mo e 27 fute kiupiki ʻo e vāʻa, ka ko e toni ʻe taha ʻoku tatau mo e 2,000 pauna.
Ke liliu, ʻoku fie maʻu ʻa e mālohi ʻo e taki taha meʻa:
- Iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e mulch ≈ 0.2 ki he 0.4 toni
- Iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e topsoil ≈ 0.7 ki he 1.0 toni
- Iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e fill dirt ≈ 1.0 ki he 1.35 toni
- Iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e one ≈ 1.35 ki he 1.7 toni
- Iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e konikilaiti ≈ 2.0 toni
Fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e Ngaahi Voluma Konikilaiti mo e Aggregate
Maʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakafuofua tulaga-fakapotopoto maʻa e ngaahi slab konikilaiti, footings, mo e ngaahi meʻa lahi mo e Chippy Tools.
ʻOku Fēfē ke Fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e Ngaahi Iati Kiupiki Maʻa Hoʻo Polokalama
Fua hoʻo feituʻu polokalama ke ʻilo ki he fiha ʻa e ngaahi iati kiupiki ʻoku fie maʻu:
- Fua ʻa e lōloa, laulahi, mo e loloto ʻo e feituʻu ʻi he fute pe ʻinisi
- Liliu ʻa e ngaahi ʻinisi ki he fute (vaheʻi ʻaki ʻa e 12)
- Fakatokonofo lōloa × laulahi × loloto ke fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e voluma ʻi he ngaahi fute kiupiki
- Vahe ʻaki ʻa e 27 ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi iati kiupiki
Hange ko e fakatātaa, ko ha feituʻu falekai naʻe 12 fute lōloa, 4 fute laulahi, pea 6 ʻinisi loloto:
- Loloto: 6 ÷ 12 = 0.5 fute
- Ngaahi fute kiupiki: 12 × 4 × 0.5 = 24
- Ngaahi iati kiupiki: 24 ÷ 27 = 0.89
Fakataʻatā hake ʻi he hokohoko ke lau maʻa e settling mo e kelekele taʻehangatonu.
Fakahinohino Vave: Siāti Mamafa
| Faʻahinga Meʻa | Mamafa (Pauna ʻi he Iati Kiupiki) | Mamafa (Kilokalama) |
|---|---|---|
| Mulch (mōmoa) | 400–800 | 180–360 |
| Topsoil (mōmoa) | 1,400–2,000 | 635–900 |
| Fill Dirt | 2,000–2,700 | 900–1,225 |
| One (mōmoa) | 2,700 | 1,225 |
| Kilikili | 2,800–3,400 | 1,270–1,540 |
| Konikilaiti | 4,050 | 1,835 |
Fakamatala fakatoʻo: ʻoku tupu hake ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻuhinga ʻi he taimi viviku. Fakamoʻoni mo hoʻo tokoni fakatau fakatātā ki he ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻi heʻenau feituʻu.
Katoanga
Ko e mahino ki he mamafa ʻa e iati kiupiki ʻo e kelekele pe meʻa kehe ʻoku tokoni ia koe ke planning ʻa e ngaahi hokohoko, fakatuʻutuʻuni ʻa e tufunga ʻomi mai lelei, pea malu mei he overload ʻo e ngaahi vaʻe. Ko e fiha ʻo e kelekele ʻoku fie maʻu ʻoku fakatātā ki hoʻo feituʻu polokalama, ka manatu ke kehekehe ʻa e mamafa kelekele—ʻoku mamafa siʻi ʻa e topsoil ʻi he fill dirt, pea liliu māmata ʻe he ʻosi ʻo e vai ʻa e fika fakahiʻohiʻo. Fakaʻaongaʻi ha meʻa fakafuofua langa ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi liliu pea fakamoʻoni ʻoku ke hokohoko totonu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku fie maʻu ʻe hoʻo polokalama.
Sai ke Fakafuofuaʻi Hoʻo Polokalama?
Download ʻa e Chippy Tools maʻa e ngaahi fakafuofua voluma vave, ngaahi fakatātā meʻa, mo e ngaahi meʻa fakafuofua langa fakapotopoto ʻi he ʻimipeliūa mo e metīka.
Ngaahi Fehuʻi Fakamaau
- Ko e hā e mamafa ʻo e iati kiupiki ʻe 1 ʻo e kelekele?
- Ko e iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e kelekele ʻoku mamafa ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 1,400 mo e 2,700 pauna (635 ki he 1,225 kg), fakatātā ki he faʻahinga. Ko e topsoil ʻoku mamafa 1,400–2,000 pauna, ka ko e fill dirt ʻoku mālohi ange ʻoku mamafa 2,000–2,700 pauna. Ko e ʻosi ʻo e vai ʻoku ʻaonga lahi ia ki he mamafa fakahiʻohiʻo—ko e kelekele viviku ʻe lava ʻo mamafa 20–30% ange ʻi he mōmoa.
- Ko e hā e mamafa ʻo e iati kiupiki ʻe 1 ʻo e kilikili momosi?
- Ko e iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e kilikili momosi ʻoku mamafa ʻo tatau mo e 2,800 ki he 3,400 pauna (1,270 ki he 1,540 kg). Ko e mamafa totonu ʻoku fakatātā ki he faʻahinga maka, lahi ʻo e ngaahi konga momosi, mo e ʻosi ʻo e vai. Ko e kilikili momosi fakaikiiki ʻoku maheni ke mamafa ange ʻi he ngaahi konga lahi ange koeʻuhi ko e siʻi ʻa e ngaahi ava ʻo e ʻatā.
- ʻE hoko ʻa e iati kiupiki ʻe 1 ʻi he palake pikiapu?
- ʻI he voluma, ʻio—ko e peti palake ʻe 8-fute ʻoku maʻu ʻo tatau mo e 2.5 iati kiupiki. Ka neongo ia, ko e mamafa ko e meʻa fakahinohino. Ko e tokolahi ʻo e ngaahi pikiapu hafu-toni ʻoku tau maʻu lelei pe ʻa e 1,000–1,500 pauna. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻe lava ke ke fata ʻa e iati kiupiki ʻe taha ʻo e mulch, ka ko e kilikili, one, pe konikilaiti ʻe laka hake ʻi he malava maʻu lelei pea ʻoku tulou ʻi he fakamālohi ʻo hoʻo vaʻe.
- ʻOku tatau ʻa e iati kiupiki ʻe 1 mo e toni ʻe 1?
- ʻIkai. Ko e iati kiupiki ʻoku fua ʻa e voluma (27 fute kiupiki ʻo e vāʻa), ka ko e toni ʻoku fua ʻa e mamafa (2,000 pauna). Ko e fehokotakiʻanga ʻoku fakatātā ki he mālohi ʻo e meʻa:
- 1 iati kiupiki ʻo e mulch ≈ 0.2–0.4 toni
- 1 iati kiupiki ʻo e topsoil ≈ 0.7–1.0 toni
- 1 iati kiupiki ʻo e fill dirt ≈ 1.0–1.35 toni
- 1 iati kiupiki ʻo e kilikili ≈ 1.4–1.7 toni
- 1 iati kiupiki ʻo e konikilaiti ≈ 2.0 toni
- ʻOku fēfē hoku fakafuofuaʻi ʻo e ngaahi iati kiupiki maʻa ʻeku polokalama?
- Fua ʻa e lōloa, laulahi, mo e loloto ʻo hoʻo feituʻu ʻi he fute
- Liliu ʻa e ngaahi ʻinisi ki he fute ʻi he vaheʻi ʻaki ʻa e 12
- Fakatokonofo lōloa × laulahi × loloto ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi fute kiupiki
- Vahe ʻaki ʻa e 27 ke liliu ki he ngaahi iati kiupiki
- Ko e hā e mamafa ʻo e kelekele viviku fakatahataha ki he mōmoa?
- Ko e kelekele viviku ʻe lava ʻo mamafa 20–30% ange ʻi he kelekele mōmoa. Ko e iati kiupiki ʻo e kelekele ʻoku mamafa 2,000 pauna ʻi he ʻaho ʻoku mōmoa ʻe lava ʻo aʻu ki he 2,500 pauna pe lahi ange ʻi he ʻaho ʻoku lavea. Kole maʻu pe ki hoʻo tokoni fakatau fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi ʻulungaanga ʻo e vai ʻi he taimi ni, fakaʻaongaʻi kaeʻoua ko e ʻuha kehe.
- ʻE fiha e ngaahi iati kiupiki ʻe lava ʻe he palake ʻoku lī ʻo ʻomi mai?
- Ko e ngaahi palake ʻoku lī fakasitenitati ʻoku maheni ke ʻomi mai ʻa e 10–14 iati kiupiki ʻi he ʻave ʻe taha. Ko e ngaahi palake siʻi-axle-taha ʻoku fata ʻa e 5–8 iati kiupiki, ka ko e ngaahi palake lahi tri-axle ʻe lava ʻo haul ʻo aʻu ki he 16–18 iati kiupiki. ʻE lava foki ʻo fakangatangata ʻa e malava ʻomi mai ʻi he ngaahi fātuʻa mamafa ʻi he ngaahi hala fakalotofonua.