ʻOku hangē ko ha teki ko ha fakatāfā ʻo e laupapa kae ko e moʻoni ko ha ngaahi vāhenga ʻe fā ʻoku tuʻu ʻi he funga ʻo e tahataha — laupapa, joist, bearer, mo e ngaahi pou ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga. Sese ʻa e vahaʻa ʻo ha vāhenga pē ʻe taha pea ʻe maumau ʻa e lau ʻa e ngaahi vāhenga kehe. ʻOku tokangaʻi ʻe he kalakuleita teki ʻa Chippy Tools ʻa e lau ki he ngaahi vāhenga kotoa ʻe fā mei ha hū loloa × laulahi pē ʻe taha — pea foki mai ʻa e ʻēlia, fika ʻo e laupapa, ngaahi mita ʻo e laupapa (mo e taʻe-mo-e 10% maumau), fika ʻo e joist, loloa kātoa ʻo e joist, fika ʻo e bearer, loloa kātoa ʻo e bearer, mo ha fakatatau ʻo e ngaahi sikulū te ke fiemaʻu.
Ko e hā ʻoku fai ʻe he kalakuleita teki
ʻOku ʻave ʻe he kalakuleita teki ʻa Chippy Tools ʻa e hū ʻe ono:
- Loloa ʻo e teki mo e laulahi ʻo e teki — ko e ngaahi fua kātoa ʻo e teki
- Laulahi ʻo e laupapa — ko e laulahi ʻo e laupapa teki ʻe taha (ʻoku angamaheni ko e 90mm, 140mm, pe 5.5"/1×6 nominal)
- Vahaʻa ʻo e laupapa — ko e vahaʻa ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ongo laupapa hokohoko (ʻoku angamaheni ko e 3–6mm pe 1/8" ki he 1/4")
- Vahaʻa ʻo e joist — vahaʻa on-center ʻo e joist ʻoku ʻalu fakatuʻu ki he laupapa (ʻoku angamaheni ko e 450mm pe 16")
- Vahaʻa ʻo e bearer — vahaʻa on-center ʻo e bearer (beam) ʻoku ʻalu ʻi lalo ʻo e joist (ʻoku angamaheni ko e 1.8m pe 6 futa)
Pea ʻoku foki mai ai ʻa e ola ʻe valu:
- ʻĒlia ʻo e teki — kātoa ʻo e mita fakatāfā pe futa fakatāfā
- Ngaahi mita ʻo e laupapa — ko e loloa kātoa ʻo e laupapa ʻokú ke fiemaʻu
- Ngaahi mita mo e 10% maumau — ko e fika tatau pē kuo ʻosi tānaki ki ai ʻa e maumau
- Fika ʻo e joist — ko e fika kātoa ʻo e joist
- Loloa kātoa ʻo e joist — ngaahi mita kātoa ʻo e koloa joist
- Fika ʻo e bearer — ko e fika kātoa ʻo e bearer (beam)
- Loloa kātoa ʻo e bearer — ngaahi mita kātoa ʻo e koloa bearer
- Fika ʻo e sikulū — fakatatau ʻo fakatefito ʻi he sikulū ʻe 2 ki he laupapa taki taha ʻi he kolosi ʻo e joist
ʻOku ngāue ʻa e ʻepi ʻi he tukufakaholo ʻi he iOS mo Android taʻe ha ʻinitaneti. ʻOku fenāpasi ʻa e ngaahi fua makehe mo e anga fakaʻAositelēlia (joist 450mm, bearer 1800mm, vahaʻa laupapa 5mm) ʻi he metuliki, mo e anga fakaʻAmelika (joist 16", bearer 72", vahaʻa 1/4") ʻi he imipealiale.
Sino ʻo e teki
Ko ha teki ʻapi ko ha sini fakalanga. Mei ʻolunga ki lalo: ʻoku fakatupu ʻe he laupapa teki ʻa e funga ke laka ai; ʻoku ʻalu ʻa e joist fakatuʻu ki he laupapa pea ne fua ʻa e laupapa; ʻoku ʻalu ʻa e bearer (beam) fakatuʻu ki he joist pea ne fua kinautolu; ʻoku tuʻu ʻa e ngaahi pou fakatuʻu pea ne fua ʻa e ngaahi bearer; ʻoku faka mafola ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga simā ʻa e mamafa mei he ngaahi pou ki he kelekele.
ʻI he fakatātā: (1) laupapa teki, (2) joist, (3) bearer (beam), (4) pou, (5) tuʻunga.
ʻOku tokangaʻi ʻe he kalakuleita teki ʻa Chippy Tools ʻa e ngaahi vāhenga ʻe tolu ʻi ʻolunga — laupapa, joist, mo e bearer. ʻOku lau makehe ʻa e ngaahi pou mo e ngaahi tuʻunga koeʻuhí ko e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻokú ne langaʻanga pea ʻokú ne falala ki he ngaahi tepile ʻo e span fakalotofonua mo e tuʻunga ʻo e kelekele; ki he lau ʻo e vahaʻa ʻo e pou, ngāueʻaki ʻa e Kalakuleta Vahaʻa Tatau pea fakapapauʻi mo hoʻo fakataha alea fakalotofonua.
ʻE anga fēfē hono lau ʻo e laupapa teki
Fika ʻo e laupapa = laulahi ʻo e teki ÷ (laulahi ʻo e laupapa + vahaʻa ʻo e laupapa), tatau hake.
Ki ha fakatātā kuo fai, ʻoku vahevahe ʻa e teki 4.0m ʻi hono laulahi ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻa e laupapa 90mm mo ha vahaʻa 5mm ki he 4000 ÷ 95 ≈ 42.1 → 42 laupapa (pe 43 kapau ʻokú ke faka ngofuaʻi ke fakahū ʻa e vahaʻa ʻo e laupapa fakalahi ki ha vahaʻa ʻi he ngaahi pito ʻoku laulahi ange). Fakalahi ʻaki ʻa e loloa ʻo e teki ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi mita kātoa: 42 × 6.0m = 252 ngaahi mita ʻo e laupapa teki. ʻOku foki mai ʻe he kalakuleita ʻa Chippy Tools ʻa e 252m mo e 277m (mo e 10% maumau) — oka ʻa e fika lahi ange ke faka ngofuaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tipi, ngaahi koloa kuo motumotu, mo e laupapa kuo siʻaki.
Ki ha fakatātā fakaʻimipealiale, ʻoku vahevahe ʻa e teki 20-futa ʻi hono laulahi ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻa e laupapa 5.5" (1×6) mo ha vahaʻa 1/4" ki he 240" ÷ 5.75 ≈ 41.7 → 42 laupapa. Fakalahi ʻaki ʻa e loloa ʻo e teki pea tānaki ʻa e maumau, ʻo hangē tofu pē ko e founga metuliki.
ʻE anga fēfē hono lau ʻo e joist ʻo e teki
Fika ʻo e joist = (laulahi ʻo e teki ÷ vahaʻa ʻo e joist) + 1, tatau hake. Ko e “+ 1” ki he joist ʻi he pito taki taha ʻo e teki — ko e N joist ʻoku ne ngaohi ha N − 1 vahaʻa, ko ia ke ngaohi ha M vahaʻa ʻoku ke fiemaʻu ki ai ha M + 1 joist.
Ki he teki tatau ko ʻeni ʻe 4.0m ʻi he vahaʻa joist 450mm: (4000 ÷ 450) + 1 = 8.9 + 1 → tatau hake ki he 10 joist. Fakalahi ʻaki ʻa e loloa ʻo e teki: 10 × 6.0m = 60 ngaahi mita ʻo e koloa joist. ʻOku foki hangatonu mai ʻe Chippy Tools ʻa e fika ʻo e joist mo e loloa kātoa ʻo e joist.
ʻOku kehekehe ʻa e vahaʻa ʻo e joist ʻo fakatatau ki he koloa ʻo e laupapa. ʻOku fa’a ngāueʻaki ʻe he hardwood mo e pine kuo tuiʻi ʻa e 450mm ʻi ʻAositelēlia (16" ʻi he US). ʻOku fa’a fiemaʻu ʻe he laupapa composite ʻa e vahaʻa fakaofiofi ange ʻo e 300mm (12") koeʻuhí ʻoku tukumimi ange ʻa e laupapa composite ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi fakatuʻunga ʻi he ʻakau. Sivi maʻu pē ʻa e tohi koloa ʻa e tokotaha ngaohi laupapa — ko e sese ʻa e vahaʻa ʻo e joist ko ha tupuʻanga angamaheni ʻo e ngaahi teki ngalongo pe peau ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ki muʻa ʻi hili ʻa e fakahū.
ʻE anga fēfē hono lau ʻo e bearer (beam) ʻo e teki
Fika ʻo e bearer = (loloa ʻo e teki ÷ vahaʻa ʻo e bearer) + 1, tatau hake. ʻOku tatau ʻa e fakakaukau mo e joist, ka ʻoku ʻalu fakatuʻu ʻo fua mei lalo.
Ki ha teki ʻe 6.0m ʻi hono loloa ʻi he vahaʻa bearer 1.8m: (6000 ÷ 1800) + 1 = 3.3 + 1 → tatau hake ki he 5 bearer. Fakalahi ʻaki ʻa e laulahi ʻo e teki ke maʻu ʻa e loloa kātoa ʻo e bearer: 5 × 4.0m = 20 ngaahi mita ʻo e koloa bearer.
Ko e vahaʻa ʻo e bearer ʻa e meʻa ʻoku mahuʻinga taha ʻi he ngaahi lao ʻi he meʻa ʻe tolu ko ʻeni. ʻOku fua ʻe he bearer ʻa e mamafa kotoa ʻo e joist ʻi ʻolunga, ʻo fakahū ki lalo ki he ngaahi pou mo e ngaahi tuʻunga. Ko e vahaʻa angamaheni ki he ngaahi fale ko e 1.8m (ʻAositelēlia) pe ki he 6 futa (US), ka ʻe lelei ke fakapapauʻi maʻu pē mo e ngaahi tepile ʻo e span ki ho lahi ʻo e bearer mo e tuʻunga ʻo e ʻakau — ko e siʻi fau ʻa e bearer ʻe taʻutu ai ʻa e tukumimi mo e “puna” ʻo e teki ʻi lalo ʻo e vaʻe.
Lau ʻa e Ngaahi Teki ʻi he Feituʻu Ngāue
Download ʻa Chippy Tools pea ngāueʻaki ʻa e kalakuleita teki ʻi he iOS pe Android. Laupapa, joist, bearer, sikulū — kotoa pē mei ha hū loloa × laulahi pē ʻe taha ʻo e teki. ʻOku taʻe ʻinitaneti, vave, mo tonu.
Ngaahi sikulū mo e ngaahi vie ʻo e teki
ʻOku fakatatau ʻe he kalakuleita teki ʻa Chippy Tools ʻa e fika ʻo e sikulū ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni angamaheni: sikulū ʻe 2 ki he laupapa taki taha ʻi he kolosi ʻo e joist. Ki ha teki 6.0m × 4.0m mo e laupapa 90mm ʻi he vahaʻa joist 450mm, ʻe nai 1,120 sikulū ʻa e fika. Oka ʻo siʻi taha ko e 10% ʻi ʻolunga ki he ngaahi sikulū kuo tō, ngaahi ʻulu kuo maumau, mo e ngaahi taimi ʻo e pongipongi ʻi he taimi ʻokú ke fasia ai ha sikulū pea fie maʻu ke ke toʻo ki tuʻa.
ʻOku tukufa ʻe he fakatatau ʻa e sikulū kuo fakapipiki ʻi muʻa. ʻOku fa’a ngāueʻaki ʻe he ngaahi sisitemi ʻo e ngaahi vie fakapuli (ngaahi clip ʻo e laupapa composite, ngaahi laupapa ʻoku tipi ʻa e tafaʻaki) ʻa e vie ʻe 1 ki he laupapa taki taha ʻi he kolosi ʻo e joist — ko e vaeua pē ʻo e fika fakapipiki-ʻi-muʻa. Ki he laupapa ʻoku laulahi hake ki he 140mm, ʻoku fa’a tuʻutuʻuni ʻe he tokotaha ngaohi ʻa e sikulū ʻe 3 ʻi he kolosi ʻo e joist kae ʻikai ko e 2; ʻi he meʻa ko ia, fakalahi ʻa e fakatatau ʻa e kalakuleita ʻaki ʻa e 1.5.
ʻOku totonu ke fenāpasi ʻa e sikulū mo e koloa ʻo e laupapa mo e joist — sikulū teki stainless pe ʻoku ʻai ai ha vali ki he pine kuo tuiʻi, sikulū ʻulu polymer ki he composite, mo e silicon-bronze ki he hardwood lelei ʻoku tafe atu mei ai ha tannin. ʻOku tauʻatāina ʻa e fika ʻo e sikulū mei he faʻahinga ʻo e ʻulu pe koloa — ko e fika pē.
Vahaʻa ʻo e laupapa teki mo e ngaahi sīpinga
ʻOku ʻai ʻe he vahaʻa ʻo e laupapa ʻa e meʻa ʻe ua: ʻoku ne faka ngofuaʻi ʻa e laupapa ke fakalahi mo motumotu ʻi he susu (5mm ʻi he metuliki, 1/4" ʻi he imipealiale ʻa e angamaheni), pea ʻoku ne tuku ke ʻalu ʻa e vai mei he teki kae ʻoua ʻe nofo. ʻOku faka maʻu ʻe he ngaahi vahaʻa fakaofiofi ʻa e susu ʻo fakavave ai ʻa e popo; ʻoku foliga “fakaʻapi” ʻa e ngaahi vahaʻa laulahi ka ʻoku hoko ko ha mānoke ki he ngaahi mānuka mo e tupu ʻa e ʻakau ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e laupapa.
Ki he laupapa ʻoku ʻalu hangatonu (ko e sīpinga angamaheni taha), fakahū ʻa e loloa ʻo e teki ko ha lele hokohoko pē taha pea tuku ʻa e kalakuleita ke foki mai ʻa e ngaahi mita kātoa. Ki he ngaahi fokotuʻutuʻu fakavāveʻi (sīpinga piliki), ʻoku tatau ʻa e fika ʻo e ngaahi mita ka te ke oka ʻa e ngaahi loloa laupapa ʻoku loa ange ke faka ngofuaʻi ʻa e ngaahi tipi fakavāveʻi — ʻoku hoko ʻa e konga kuo tipi mei he laupapa A ko e kamataʻanga ʻo e laupapa B ʻi he laine hoko mai.
Ki he ngaahi sīpinga laine fakahanga pe chevron, ʻoku tonu nai ʻa e fika laupapa hangatonu ʻa e kalakuleita ka ʻe siʻi nai ʻa hono fakatatau ʻe 5–10% ʻo fakatatau ki he tulimanu. Vakai ki he fika fakahanga ko e siʻi taha pea tānaki ha mata kapau ʻokú ke ngāueʻaki ha sīpinga lavea ange.
Ngaahi pou, ngaahi tuʻunga, mo e balustrade — ko e meʻa ʻoku ʻikai tokangaʻi ʻe he kalakuleita
ʻOku tokangaʻi ʻe he kalakuleita teki ʻa Chippy Tools ʻa e funga ʻo e teki mo e fakangāue hangatonu ʻi lalo (laupapa, joist, bearer). Ko e ngaahi vāhenga langa ʻe tolu ʻoku haʻu kimuʻa pea hili — ngaahi pou, ngaahi tuʻunga, mo e balustrade — ʻoku ʻi he ngaahi kalakuleita ofi:
- Fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e pou — vahaʻa tatau ʻi he laine ʻo e bearer. Ngāueʻaki ʻa e Kalakuleta Vahaʻa Tatau — fokotuʻu ʻa e loloa ʻo e bearer ko e lele mo e vahaʻa pou taumuʻa (ʻoku angamaheni ko e 2.4m ki he 3.0m ki he ngaahi teki ʻapi) ko e vahaʻa.
- Ngaahi tuʻunga — ngaahi papa simā ʻi lalo ʻo e pou taki taha. Ngāueʻaki ʻa e Kalakuleta Simā ki he volume ʻo e simā ki he tuʻunga taki taha ʻi he taimi kuo ʻosi ai hoʻo fili ʻa e fua ʻo e tuʻunga mei hoʻo ngaahi tepile ʻo e span fakalotofonua.
- Balustrade mo e ngaahi pou puipui ʻo e sitepu — vahaʻa pou puipui mahuʻinga maʻa e malu ki ha teki pē ʻoku māʻolunga hake ki he 600mm. Ngāueʻaki ʻa e Kalakuleta Vahaʻa Pou Puipui ki he meʻa ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe he lao ʻo e fuo 100mm/125mm.
ʻOku fakapipiki ʻa e ngaahi kalakuleita ʻe fā ʻi he ʻepi tatau ʻa Chippy Tools — lau ʻa e laupapa teki, pou, simā ʻo e tuʻunga, mo e balustrade ʻi he founga ngāue pē taha taʻe fakahū fakafoki ʻa e ngaahi fua.
ʻEpi Pē ʻe Taha, Ko e Teki Kātoa
Teki, pou, ngaahi tuʻunga, balustrade, mo e ngaahi pou ʻo e sitepu — ʻoku tokangaʻi ʻe Chippy Tools ʻa e founga ngāue kātoa ʻo e teki ʻi he iOS mo Android. Download ʻo tuʻo taha pē, lau ʻi ha feituʻu pē — ʻoku ʻikai fiemaʻu ha ʻinitaneti.
Ngaahi koloa teki
ʻOku ʻikai fili ʻa e kalakuleita ki ha koloa pau — ʻoku ngāue ʻa e lau loloa × laulahi × laulahi ʻo e laupapa × vahaʻa tatau pē ki he meʻa pē ʻokú ke fokotuʻu. Ko e ngaahi filifili angamaheni:
- Pine kuo tuiʻi — softwood kuo tuiʻi ʻaki ʻa e H3 pe H4 LOSP; laupapa 90mm pe 140mm ʻi he vahaʻa joist 450mm. Ko e fili maʻamaʻa taha; fie maʻu ha lolo/vali fakataʻu.
- Hardwood — spotted gum, blackbutt, ironbark, jarrah, merbau; laupapa 90mm pe 140mm ʻi he vahaʻa joist 450mm. Ko e totongi ʻi he loto, foliga lelei.
- Composite — Trex, ModWood, NewTechWood mo e meʻa tatau; laupapa 90mm ki he 145mm ʻi he vahaʻa joist 300mm. Mahuʻinga ange ʻi he kamataʻanga, mei nai leʻi ha tauhi.
- Aluminium / sila — ngaahi sisitemi pau mo ʻenau ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni vahaʻa joist makehe.
Ki he koloa taki taha, fakahū ʻa e laulahi moʻoni ʻo e laupapa, vahaʻa, mo e vahaʻa joist kuo fokotuʻu mai ki he kalakuleita. Ko e ngaahi ola — fika ʻo e laupapa, ngaahi mita, fika ʻo e joist, fika ʻo e bearer, fika ʻo e sikulū — ko ha lau kotoa pē ʻoku tau’atāina mei he koloa pea ʻoku tataki ʻe he ngaahi hū fakageometric.
Ngaahi ʻuta imipealiale mo metuliki
ʻOku tali ʻe Chippy Tools ʻa e milimita, sentimita, mita, futa, ʻinisi, pe ko e futa mo e ʻinisi ʻi ha fakatahaʻanga pē. ʻOku makehe ʻa e kalakuleita teki ki he vahaʻa joist 450mm mo e vahaʻa bearer 1.8m ʻi he metuliki, mo e vahaʻa joist 16" mo e vahaʻa bearer 72" (6 futa) ʻi he imipealiale. Liliu ha fa makehe pē ke fenāpasi ki ho anga fakalotofonua pe ko e tuʻutuʻuni ʻa e tokotaha ngaohi laupapa.
Ko e teki ko ha vāhenga makehe ʻoku fefiofi ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻuta — ʻoku fa’a ngāue ʻa e kau langa fale ʻAositelēlia ʻi he mm ka ʻoku nau fakatau ʻa e laupapa ʻi he ngaahi mita, kae ʻoku ngāue ʻa e kau langa fale ʻo ʻAmelika Tokelau ʻi he futa mo e ʻinisi ka ʻoku nau fakatau ʻi he board-foot. ʻOku tokangaʻi ʻe he kalakuleita ʻi loto ʻa e liliu ʻo e ʻuta koeʻuhí ke ke faka fefiofi ʻa e ngaahi hū metuliki mo e ngaahi ola imipealiale taʻe mole ʻa e tonu.
Ko e hā ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ha kalakuleita teki ʻi hoʻo telefoni
ʻOku langa ʻa e ʻepi ʻa Chippy Tools maʻa e kau ngāue ʻo ngāue ngāue ʻoku fiemaʻu ki ha lau ʻi he feituʻu ngāue taʻe ha ʻinitaneti. ʻOku fakapipiki ʻa e kalakuleita teki ʻi he ʻepi tatau mo e Kalakuleta Vahaʻa Tatau, Kalakuleta Vahaʻa Pou Puipui, Kalakuleta Sitepu, mo e Kalakuleta Simā — lau ʻa e funga ʻo e teki, fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e pou, balustrade, ngaahi pou ʻo e sitepu, mo e simā ʻo e tuʻunga ʻi he founga ngāue pē taha taʻe fakahū fakafoki ʻa e ngaahi fua.
ʻOku maumau ʻa e ngaahi kalakuleita teki ʻi he ʻiniteneti ʻi he ngaahi tuaʻā mamaʻo ʻoku vaivai ʻa e 4G. ʻOku ngāue ʻa e kalakuleita ʻa Chippy Tools ʻi he tukufakaholo — ʻoku ʻi he funga ʻo e mata ʻa e tali ʻi he siʻi hifo ʻi he sēkoni. Liliu ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e metuliki mo e imipealiale taʻe toe kamata pea fakahaofi ʻa e ngaahi laupapa/joist/bearer angamaheni ki he koloa ʻokú ke fa’a ngāueʻaki.
Ngaahi kalakuleita felāveʻi
- Kalakuleta Vahaʻa Tatau — ki he vahaʻa ʻo e pou ʻo e teki ʻi he laine ʻo e bearer
- Kalakuleta Vahaʻa Pou Puipui — ki he balustrade ʻo e teki mo e vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi pou ʻo e sitepu
- Kalakuleta Sitepu — ki he ngaahi sitepu ʻo e teki mei he teki ki he kelekele
- Kalakuleta Simā — ki he volume ʻo e simā ki he papa ʻo e tuʻunga taki taha